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Mystery of Toxaway’s Translation
Written By: Stuart Ferguson - Shakespeare and Company | Issue: July - 2022
The origin of the name “Toxaway” is lost in the fog of years and the clash of cultures.
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Duksa/Y, Dukw’as/Y—The correct form of the name commonly written Toxaway, applied to a former Cherokee settlement in South Carolina, and the creek upon which it stood, an extreme head-stream of Keowee River having its source in Jackson County, North Carolina. The meaning of the name is lost, although it has been wrongly interpreted to mean ‘place of shedding tears’”—from James Mooney, Sacred Formulas of the Cherokees, 1891 Mooney, an anthropologist who spent many years living with the Cherokee, was behind the times, as eastern portions of old Jackson County were incorporated in the newly-formed Transylvania County back in 1861.Also out-of-date was T.W. Reynolds, whose 1966 book Cherokee and Creek commented on Mooney’s entry and added “That ‘extreme head’ is present Lake Toxaway in Jackson County.” A retired engineer and summer resident of Highlands until his death in 1967 at age 82, Reynolds was obsessed with word history and derivation, a.k.a. etymology. He wrote a series of five charming-but-eccentric books that covered local history in Jackson, Macon, and Transylvania counties, and he loved explaining where our place and family names came from, or at least coming up with likely hypotheses. Reynolds thought that he, himself, did know the likely origin of Toxaway: It was a corruption of the Indian pronunciation of “Tuckahoe” (itself an English approximation), an important food source for native Americans.In Born of the Mountains, 1964, Reynolds mentions the Tuckahoe plant as an indicator of poverty. “Tuckahoe is an Indian name for an edible root they gathered…It is a name used as a poor-mouth name, because some of the early settlers in certain localities had to follow the Indian custom for subsistence.” The Cherokee town of Toxaway was destroyed by a Scottish Highland regiment in 1760; the site is now under Lake Keowee, along with that of Fort Prince George, which the British built in the fall of 1753, when they were allied with the Cherokees. Back then, as described in colonial records, the headman of Toxaway came to welcome James Glen, royal governor of South Carolina:“…the Raven of Toxaway …accompanied by a hundred warriors who moved toward the governor in the stately maneuvers of the eagle dance. The Governor, not to be outdone by the Indians, formed his laborers and soldiers in martial array and fired three volleys in salute.” And we salute beautiful Toxaway, whatever it means!
by Stuart Ferguson, Local Historian, Co-Owner Shakespeare & Company.
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